486 Virtual Reality and Surgical Oncology: Where Are We?

Abstract Aim Less than 5% of patients from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) have access to basic cancer surgery. Virtual reality (VR) is heralded as the novel tool build surgical capacity capabilities, yet its adoption in oncology poorly understood. The systematic review aimed scope utility VR across specialities modalities identify gaps. Method was carried out by means a search on Web Science, including all articles reviews virtual published between January 2011 2020 following PRISMA guidance. Of 95 papers initially identified, 24 studies were included. Results revealed gaps application, accessibility clinical evaluation VR. applied most open (58.3%), followed endoscopic (20.8%) robotic surgeries. Neurosurgery led use (n = 13, 54.2%), urology 8, 33.3%) gynaecology 2, 8.3%). In terms characteristics, 11 (57.9%) described tools with high fidelity; 12 (63.2%), haptic feedback. While illustrated face content validity, only (63.2%) exhibited construct validity one (5.3%) demonstrated predictive validity. Conclusions disproportionately developed for complex, risk asynchrony development actual global surgery demand technology not effectively, efficiently, equitably utilised realise capacity-building potential. Future research should prioritise affordable, clinically evaluated demand, common surgeries required LMICs.